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cidification and eutrophication
Actions on Acidification and Eutrophication
1988 Sofia Protocol on Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes
1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
1999 Gothenberg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
Integrated Pollution Control
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Local Air Pollution Control (LAPC)
UK Air Quality Strategy
The deposition of acidic species can have adverse effects on buildings and vegetation, as well as acidifying soils streams and lakes and damaging the aquatic environment. Sulphur and nitrogen oxides from fuel combustion are the major contributors to acidification (RGAR, 1997). Ammonia plays an important part in the long range transport of the acidic pollutants through the formation of relatively stable particles of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate. Although ammonia is a basic gas, it can also have a direct effect on acidification. The biological transformation of NH4+ to NO3- in soils (denitrification) and plant uptake, both release acidity into the soil can contribute to soil acidification. Both ammonia and nitrogen oxides enrichen the soils with nitrogen, desturbing the natural balance of species on soils with lower nitrogen content.

More information on the impacts and problems associated with Acidification and Eutrophication can be found from the following sites.


ARICS Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Environment The Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Environment is supported by the DEFRA. The Encyclopedia is a one-stop source of information, for younger and older users alike, on a range of atmospheric issues.
Acidification and Eutrophication Pollutants
May form nitric acid which are rained out or deposited increasing acidity levels in soils and lakes and rivers. It can also overload the environment with nitrogen encouraging the growth of nitrogen loving plants to the detriment of other species. Ammonia
May form hydrochloric acid which are rained out or deposited increasing acidity levels in soils and lakes and rivers Hydrogen Chloride
May form nitric acid which are rained out or deposited increasing acidity levels in soils and lakes and rivers. It can also overload the environment with nitrogen encouraging the growth of nitrogen loving plants to the detriment of other species. Nitrogen Oxides as NO2
May form sulphuric acid which are rained out or deposited increasing acidity levels in soils and lakes and rivers which is harmeful to the aquatic life Sulphur Dioxide
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